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Canada ⟶ Europe· Energy / Economy / Geopolitics

Canada's crude is already sailing to Asia — its gas is sold for 2032

A yellow Trans Mountain warning marker for a high-pressure petroleum pipeline standing on the cleared pipeline right-of-way through forested mountains in British Columbia
The Trans Mountain right-of-way in British Columbia. The federally owned line carries up to 890,000 barrels a day to tidewater at Burnaby — the route by which Canadian crude now reaches Asia rather than the US Midwest.David Stanley from Nanaimo, Canada / Wikimedia Commons · CC BY 2.0
WHY THIS MATTERS TO YOU
Canada exports about 4.3 million barrels of crude a day and sends roughly 3.9 million of them to the United States, which took 63.4% of all US crude imports from Canada in 2025 — one customer, fixed by pipeline geographyIts two prospective buyers are each escaping a concentration of their own: Japan had been importing more than 90% of its oil through the Strait of Hormuz before the Iran war, and Germany, cut off by Gazprom in 2022, replaced Russian gas with American — 96% of its LNG imports last yearThe crude leg answered first, because the pipe exists: Asia took nearly 77% of the oil leaving Vancouver this year against about 51% in 2024, the federally owned Trans Mountain line has run near 90% of its 890,000 b/d capacity since Q3 2025, and Japan's Eneos bought the latest cargoThe gas leg is a signature. On 29 July Germany's Uniper contracted 2 million tonnes a year from the proposed Ksi Lisims terminal for up to 20 years — first deliveries 2032, from a $10bn floating facility that has not broken ground and whose consent four of six participating Nations have not granted Both legs get called diversification, and only one of them can be counted. The crude is moving now, on infrastructure that is already built and already near full — which also means the room left to grow it is the 10% of capacity still spare, not the 3.9 million barrels a day still heading south. The gas is a twenty-year commitment resting on a project with no final investment decision, an unresolved Aboriginal title claim, and a start date six years out. A supplier can sign its way out of a single-customer problem long before it can build its way out.
1

What happened?

Canada started selling its energy to people other than Americans. Japan's biggest oil refiner bought a cargo of Canadian crude, and on 29 July Germany's state-owned gas company signed up for twenty years of Canadian gas. The gas part does not start until 2032.

The floating storage and regasification vessel Hoegh Esperanza moored at the LNG import jetty in Wilhelmshaven, Germany
Germany's LNG import terminal at Wilhelmshaven, built in months after Gazprom stopped delivering. It is the infrastructure Canadian gas would arrive through — from 2032.JoachimKohler-HB / Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 4.0
Confirmed
2

Why did it happen?

Because both buyers were leaning on one supplier and got frightened. Japan was bringing more than 90% of its oil through the Strait of Hormuz, which the Iran war put in doubt. Germany, cut off by Russia in 2022, ended up taking 96% of its LNG from the United States. Canada is the third option.

Satellite view of the Strait of Hormuz, the narrow channel between Iran and the Musandam Peninsula linking the Persian Gulf to the Gulf of Oman
The Strait of Hormuz. Japan drew more than 90% of its oil through this channel before the Iran war — the reason its largest refiner is now buying Canadian.MODIS Land Rapid Response Team, NASA GSFC / Wikimedia Commons · Public domain
Confirmed
3

Who benefits?

Canadian producers, who now have somewhere else to sell. Japanese and German buyers, who get a supplier outside both the Gulf and the US. And the Nisga'a Nation and the developers behind the Ksi Lisims terminal, who now have a twenty-year customer to show a bank.

Likely
4

Who loses?

American refiners lose their captive discount, at the margin. Qatari and US gas sellers lose a slice of the German market — in 2032. And if the Ksi Lisims terminal is never built, the loser is whoever counted the gas.

Uncertain
SHARE OF VANCOUVER CRUDE EXPORTS BOUND FOR ASIA
2026, year to date
~77%
2024
~51%
TRUST INDEX80% agreement · 5 sources
4 support · 1 disputes — counted from the sources listed below, not estimated.
Al Jazeera, citing tanker-tracking data from Kpler: exports via the Trans Mountain expansion to Asia as a share of all oil leaving Vancouver. The pipeline itself carries up to 890,000 barrels a day and has run at almost 90% of capacity since Q3 2025 — so the share can keep rising while the volume behind it cannot, by much.

Domino Effect

The causal chain so far. New dominoes append as they fall.

Gazprom stops delivering, and Germany swaps one dependence for another2022
Russia's Gazprom stops supplying Germany. Berlin replaces the pipeline gas with LNG at speed, building import terminals including the Wilhelmshaven FSRU. By last year the United States accounted for 96% of Germany's LNG imports. The exposure moved; it did not shrink.
Illustration · generated
T+0
Trans Mountain reaches tidewater and runs near fullQ3 2025
The federally owned Trans Mountain line — up to 890,000 barrels a day from Alberta to Burnaby — has been running at almost 90 percent of capacity since the third quarter of 2025. For the first time Canada has meaningful crude egress that does not terminate in the US Midwest.
Illustration · generated
T+3yr
The Iran war puts Hormuz in doubt and Asia goes shoppingfrom Feb 2026
Japan had been importing more than 90 percent of its oil through the Strait of Hormuz. Since the war began at the end of February, India, Malaysia and Singapore have all returned to TMX barrels, Asia's share of oil leaving Vancouver has risen from about 51 percent in 2024 to nearly 77 percent, and Japan's largest refiner, Eneos, has bought the latest cargo.
Illustration · generated
T+3yr 5mo
Uniper signs twenty years of Canadian gas — starting 203229 Jul 2026
Germany's state-owned Uniper contracts 2 million tonnes a year from the proposed Ksi Lisims terminal for up to 20 years, first deliveries 2032, explicitly to reduce a 96% reliance on American LNG. An earlier German contract covers one million tonnes from 2030. The $10bn floating facility has not broken ground, has no announced final investment decision, and faces an unresolved Aboriginal title claim over the pipeline route.
Illustration · generated
T+4yr
5

What happens next?

Our evidence-based estimates — not certainty. We score our own track record publicly.

Ksi Lisims LNG announces a final investment decision on or before 31 December 202755%
Asia takes more than 70% of the crude exported from Vancouver via Trans Mountain in calendar 2026, on full-year data published by 31 Mar 202772%
Will the Ksi Lisims LNG terminal reach a final investment decision by the end of 2027?

Corrections & revisions

none

Every change to this analysis since publication, with the reason. We append here — we don't rewrite. A number that changes silently is indistinguishable from never having been wrong.

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Sources

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